Investigation of structural and electrical characteristics of PZT ceramics modified with donor and acceptor dopants

Lead-based (PZT) ferroelectric ceramic materials were prepared utilizing the solid-state reaction method as a pure and doped with different additives. As form, composition chemical formula Pb1.03(Zr0.56Ti0.44)O3 characterized rhombohedral structure according to PZT phase diagram region was investigated systematically. Different strategies of doping followed investigate influence donor acceptor ions in addition complex on structural microstructure properties parent composition: for soft ceramic, 2 mol% lanthanum-doped at A-site (PLZT), whereas scandium-doped B-site produce hard (PSZT). In terms doping, both La3+ Sc3+ substituted A- B-site, respectively (PLSZT). All samples showed dense homogeneous microstructures, except PSZT displayed small grain size. X-ray diffraction results that induced transformation formation coexistence consisting tetragonal phases. This recognized PLSZT compositions. Hard (Sc3+-doped PZT) exhibited highest values relative permittivity lowest dielectric loss frequency 100 kHz.